The Five Constant Virtues mean the Confucian virtues of:
benevolence (ren 仁),
righteousness (yi 義),
propriety (li 義),
wisdom (zhi 智), and
trustworthiness (xin 信).
As with the Fundamental Bonds, these five virtues are the most significant ones and thus serve as shorthand for all the Confucian virtues.
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